«Roof» for «iron horse»
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Therefore, the second important point in planning the site is the question: how and where will your car be parked?
You can, of course, park the car in the open air, but I really want to hide my favorite iron horse from the wind, snow and rain.
On its territory, the owner is a gentleman, which means that he will decide what kind of shelter for the car will be.
So, we are planning to build a shed and a garage.
In the case when the territory of your yard allows you to allocate an area for a covered parking lot, it’s just great: the car will be protected from precipitation and overheating in the sun.
To organize one parking space, you will need an area of 3 x 5.5 (6) m — this is the standard distance between the pillars on which the canopy structure will be held. If your fleet also has bicycles, add an extra 0.5 — 1 m to accommodate them.
Another option for the location of the parking lot is opposite the entrance to the courtyard or in front of the garage at a respectful distance from the gate in order to leave room for passage (about 4-5 m).
As mentioned above, for one car, the minimum size of the canopy is 3 x 5.5 (6) m — this is the distance between the extreme points of the supports.
For a double parking space, you will need a canopy with a minimum overall size of 5.5 x 5.5 (6) m.
However, if we talk about comfort and «serious» cars, then the optimal pitch of the poles is better to make 4m in width and 7m in depth.
Perhaps the most desirable material for a canopy roof today is polycarbonate. It has all the advantages:
- lightweight plastic requires a minimum bearing capacity of the structure;
- a transparent texture looks visually weightless and does not create a dense shadow;
- sheet design reduces the noise effect during rain;
- the material is quite durable and affordable in terms of price.
Also, modern carports are made of corrugated board or soft tiles. In the latter case, a wooden crate of the roof frame is required.
The first step is to mark the location of the canopy supports and dig holes for the foundation: a depth of at least 0.6 m, a diameter of about 0.5 m.
The base of the supports is concreted in pits, while it is imperative to set the pillars in a strictly vertical position and fix with auxiliary means. Everything is exactly the same as for the fence.
A day is enough for concrete to harden, but I recommend starting the next stage in at least three.
The supports for the carport are exposed, now they should be connected to each other (along the perimeter) with horizontal jumpers using a pipe with a rectangular section.
The height of the upper level is approximately 2 — 2.2 m. For parking a minibus, 2.5 m should be planned. The higher the canopy, the wider the roof overhangs should be made to protect the car from slanting rains and snowfalls.
The excess height is cut off and the roof frame is fixed to the lintels. It can be flat with a slope, pitched or arched.
It is difficult to perform a bent frame structure at home, except to order a pipe bend along a given arc in production.
I recommend opting for a shed roof.
The density of the horizontal and vertical ribs of the frame is from 0.6 to 1 m — the more resistant to bending the frame material (pipe with a rectangular cross section), the less often.
The fastening of metal parts to each other is done by welding or bolts.
The carport can also be made entirely of wood.
In this case, it is advisable to use a metal thrust bearing on a concrete foundation under the supports, which will protect the tree from the damaging effects of moisture.
In the photo: for such a high roof, the consumption of materials will be large. But the acute-angled roof does not hold snow, so the load on the canopy structure will be minimal.
Truss will give rigidity to a wide canopy (paired metal profiles connected by oblique jumpers)
A small canopy may well do with a single profile. That’s just it can be bent only in the factory (under the order).
In the photo above: the best option for a canopy with a dense building of the yard. The roof is shed with a slope from the house. The canopy starts right from the gate, protecting them from precipitation and the surrounding area.
In the photo: a beautiful wooden carport for two cars is made of bent wood. This pleasure is not their cheap. with independent execution, you can simplify the design by applying a straight bar and creating a slope of the roof to the rear «wall» of the canopy.
As you can see, the structure of the canopy based on a metal frame and polycarbonate blends perfectly with the antique style of a residential building. Color plays an important role here: it is the same for all elements and strict, like the architecture of the house itself.
A reasonable solution is to sew up one vertical plane of the canopy. There may be several reasons: on the other side there is a roadway, someone else’s site, then the wall will reduce the view of the contents under the roof.
The prevailing wind direction in winter is also taken into account in order to minimize snow drift under a canopy. Additional protection can serve as a wall of logs (firewood).
Such a canopy can be made even from metal, even from wood.
For those who are accustomed to luxury, but appreciate tradition. The photo above shows a huge canopy based on stone supports and covered with a metal profile roof based on a wooden frame.
In the photo: a carport-garage with a flat roof for two cars. Made of wood, the frame was painted in a matte tone «wet asphalt», the casing was covered with tinted varnish.
Another wooden canopy structure, apparently designed for a truck. Coating — light ondulin.
A place for the construction of a garage is chosen at the planning stage of the site.
From the point of view of the optimal location of buildings, it was previously customary to build a garage directly along the facade of the site or near the entrance to the courtyard. This option is not without meaning, because in the first case:
- space is saved on the site due to the angular location of the building,
- savings on the lack of paving the entrance to the garage.
But a significant disadvantage of such a layout is the lack of control over the entry zone, which means that potential intruders are more likely to profit from your good.
The garage can also be located in the corner of the site, and its gates can be deployed from the street to the courtyard, which will significantly increase the safety of the car and, at the same time, optimize the use of the yard area.
Otherwise, the garage should still be moved deep into the yard at a distance sufficient for parking and opening the gate.
A more modern approach to choosing a place for a garage is to combine it with the construction of a house or an underground location.
In the first case, building materials are significantly saved, in the second — the territory of the site. But in both cases, the aesthetics of the courtyard wins. Here you can draw an analogy with built-in wardrobes, which are an ideal solution for small apartments.
Please note that an underground or semi-underground garage must be equipped with a smoothly descending entrance, sufficient for maneuvering, an anti-slip exit coating (preferably with an anti-icing system) and a drainage ditch at the lowest point in front of the gate.
Not in every locality, the composition of the soil allows you to bury the garage underground, so most of the finished projects of houses with a garage are designed for its ground location.
It is worth considering that if it is planned to make an exit directly into the house from the built-in or adjacent garage, then the closed parking lot must be equipped with independent forced ventilation. Moreover, the ventilation outlet, in your own interests, should be placed in the place where there are no windows in residential premises.
The SNiP does not provide for a ban on the placement of residential premises above the territory of the garage in low-rise residential buildings with no more than two apartments.
In any garage, fire safety standards must be observed.
OPTIMUM DIMENSIONS (width height depth)
So, the garage can be:
- separate building,
- attached to the house (have a common foundation and wall),
- built into the structure of the house (have a common foundation, wall and roof),
- be underground (located in the basement of the house or separately on the site).
Concerning OVERALL DIMENSIONS «sleeping» for the car, then you should decide how many parking spaces will be in your garage and which cars will «spend the night» in it.
GARAGE FOR ONE CAR. Any passenger car (except for a limousine) can be placed on a territory with dimensions of 5.5 x 3.6 m. This is the minimum internal size of the garage. But for greater convenience of maneuvering inside a limited space, the most optimal would still be to increase the width of the building from 3.0 m to 4 m, and the length to 7 m.
GARAGE FOR TWO CARS. Here, the overall dimensions directly depend on how the parking spaces will be located relative to the entrance to the garage.
If gates are provided for each parking space, then an internal space of 6 (depth) x 7.2 m (width) is sufficient. This is a space saving solution. Comfortable — 7 x 8 m, where 7 is the depth.
GARAGE HEIGHT, intended only for parking a car, cannot be less than 2.0 m, but the recommended minimum height for non-residential premises, according to building codes, is 2.2 m. From here you should start by choosing the distance from floor to ceiling in the garage room. Again, for a minibus, the overall height should be increased to 2.5 m
ENTRANCE (GATE). The minimum width of the entrance (gate) is equal to 2.3 -2.5 m, with a height of 1.8-2.5 m, the swing version of the gate design is necessarily equipped with stoppers. If you plan to purchase the gate ready-made, then you should focus on the standard sizes of the selected models (well, it’s true, just in case :).
ERGONOMICS OF SPACE. Inside the garage, when the car is parked, there must be side passages along the car with a width of at least 60 cm.
If you intend to place any equipment in the garage, then for it it is necessary to provide for an additional area on the plan in excess of the aforementioned 6 x 3.6 m.
INTERNAL LAYOUT. The content of your garage directly depends on whether you will service your equipment yourself or leave it to specialists. This may surprise some, but those who know how to earn money do not consider it necessary to test their theoretical knowledge in auto mechanics in practice.
If you do not consider yourself to be such, then the working area is usually located in the depths of the back wall of the garage. There, on the hinged shelves, they place auto cosmetics and metalwork tools. Additional local lighting of the working area is a must.
The upper part of the side walls can be used for storage of spare parts and tires.
Be sure to place a washstand, strong detergents and a towel near the entrance to the garage.
OBSERVATION PIT — far from a mandatory element if there is a flyover nearby. On the other hand, for repair work or inspection in the winter, you should still get this option.
The overall dimensions of the inspection pit in width should be 20 cm less than the distance between the wheels of your car, in length correspond to the length of the car without a bumper, and the depth is selected based on your height. That is, you should be in a standing position without interference, without touching the bottom of the car with your head, but not too stretching your arms up.
The pit line along the wheels is equipped with stoppers to prevent accidental exit (this can be an ordinary bar or a metal profile).
A more optimal option is to frame the edges of the pit with a metal T-shaped profile (100x50x5 mm). One «shelf» with mortgages will be filled with concrete screed, boards 50 mm thick are laid on the other. It will be convenient to drive onto such a platform, and for inspection of the car, the boards are simply removed.
It is advisable to bring lighting inside the viewing hole.
HEATING. As a heating device, if necessary, we recommend using an infrared heater, which will warm the air in a matter of minutes, does not take up space, since it can be placed on a wall or ceiling and is quite economical.
And a good wish in the end (see photo above): so that you live like this!
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